Design principle DP1: Balance decentralization, scalability and security
Balance decentralization, scalability and security by using a public chain as a trust anchor, a Layer-2 for scaling, and decentralized communication between layers, rather than defaulting to permissioned or consortium architectures.
Source paper
This design principle is proposed by Designing a blockchain-based information system for procurement processes - Balancing decentralization, scalability, and security while maintaining privacy (Valeriya Arnold, Tobias Guggenberger, Jan Stramm, Nils Urbach, 2026).
Citations
[1] Valeriya Arnold, Tobias Guggenberger, Jan Stramm, Nils Urbach. Designing a blockchain-based information system for procurement processes - Balancing decentralization, scalability, and security while maintaining privacy. Information Systems 140 (2026) 102723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2025.102723 (opens in a new tab) [2] Source document: Designing a blockchain-based information system for procurement.pdf