Design Principle

DP4 - User authentication

All activities in the system can be traced back to certain users.

Overview

Producer metadata and the represented concept document.

Concept identity

design-knowledge/rule-the-waves-shipping-dp4

Open concept record

Producer label: DP4
Source paper: Blockchain to Rule the Waves - Nascent Design Principles for Reducing Risk and Uncertainty in Decentralized Environments
Timestamp: 2026-07-16T00:00:00+00:00
Bundle path: design-knowledge/rule-the-waves-shipping-dp4.md

bill-of-ladingdesign-principleinternational-traderiskrule-the-waves-shippingshipping

Design principle DP4: User authentication

All activities in the system can be traced back to certain users.

Source paper

This design principle is proposed by Blockchain to Rule the Waves - Nascent Design Principles for Reducing Risk and Uncertainty in Decentralized Environments (Kristoffer Nærland, Christoph Müller-Bloch, Roman Beck, Søren Palmund, 2017).

Related design principles

Design principle DP2: Tamper-proof storage - The paper states that user authentication, in connection with tamper-proof storage, allows all changes made to the data to be traced back to authenticated users.

Linked concepts

Concepts connected by incoming or outgoing native Markdown links.

1 Design Principle

design-knowledge/rule-the-waves-shipping-dp2

DP2 - Tamper-proof storage

All changes made to the data that are stored in the system can be retraced.

bill-of-ladingdesign-principleinternational-traderisk+2

1 Paper

papers/rule-the-waves-shipping

Blockchain to Rule the Waves - Nascent Design Principles for Reducing Risk and Uncertainty in Decentralized Environments

Through a bill-of-lading use case, the paper presents first evidence for four nascent design principles - digitization, tamper-proof storage, accessibility, and user authentication - that mitigate transactional risk and uncertainty in decentralized environments.

bill-of-ladingblockchaindesign-science-researchinternational-trade+3

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Directed links from Markdown. Heading context is displayed as derived metadata, not as a formal OKF predicate.

Outgoing links

Incoming backlinks

Local graph

One-hop by default, with an optional bounded two-hop view. Nodes are concept files and arrows are Markdown links.

Knowledge graph

3 of 3 concepts · 6 directed relationships

Concept types

Raw metadata

The complete producer frontmatter, serialized without server paths or runtime data.

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{
  "type": "design-principle",
  "title": "DP4 - User authentication",
  "description": "All activities in the system can be traced back to certain users.",
  "resource": "https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2017/HCI/Presentations/12",
  "source_paper": "Blockchain to Rule the Waves - Nascent Design Principles for Reducing Risk and Uncertainty in Decentralized Environments",
  "label": "DP4",
  "tags": [
    "rule-the-waves-shipping",
    "design-principle",
    "shipping",
    "international-trade",
    "risk",
    "bill-of-lading"
  ]
}

Design Principle

DP4 - User authentication

All activities in the system can be traced back to certain users.

Overview

Producer metadata and the represented concept document.

Concept identity

design-knowledge/rule-the-waves-shipping-dp4

Open concept record

Producer label: DP4
Source paper: Blockchain to Rule the Waves - Nascent Design Principles for Reducing Risk and Uncertainty in Decentralized Environments
Timestamp: 2026-07-16T00:00:00+00:00
Bundle path: design-knowledge/rule-the-waves-shipping-dp4.md

bill-of-ladingdesign-principleinternational-traderiskrule-the-waves-shippingshipping

Design principle DP4: User authentication

All activities in the system can be traced back to certain users.

Source paper

Related design principles

Design principle DP2: Tamper-proof storage - The paper states that user authentication, in connection with tamper-proof storage, allows all changes made to the data to be traced back to authenticated users.

Linked concepts

Concepts connected by incoming or outgoing native Markdown links.

1 Design Principle

design-knowledge/rule-the-waves-shipping-dp2

DP2 - Tamper-proof storage

All changes made to the data that are stored in the system can be retraced.

bill-of-ladingdesign-principleinternational-traderisk+2

1 Paper

papers/rule-the-waves-shipping

Blockchain to Rule the Waves - Nascent Design Principles for Reducing Risk and Uncertainty in Decentralized Environments

bill-of-ladingblockchaindesign-science-researchinternational-trade+3

Relationships

Directed links from Markdown. Heading context is displayed as derived metadata, not as a formal OKF predicate.

Outgoing links

Incoming backlinks

Local graph

One-hop by default, with an optional bounded two-hop view. Nodes are concept files and arrows are Markdown links.

Knowledge graph

3 of 3 concepts · 6 directed relationships

Concept types

Raw metadata

The complete producer frontmatter, serialized without server paths or runtime data.

Show producer frontmatter

{
  "type": "design-principle",
  "title": "DP4 - User authentication",
  "description": "All activities in the system can be traced back to certain users.",
  "resource": "https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2017/HCI/Presentations/12",
  "source_paper": "Blockchain to Rule the Waves - Nascent Design Principles for Reducing Risk and Uncertainty in Decentralized Environments",
  "label": "DP4",
  "tags": [
    "rule-the-waves-shipping",
    "design-principle",
    "shipping",
    "international-trade",
    "risk",
    "bill-of-lading"
  ]
}